Study of human history, civilizations, political developments, economic systems, and cultural transformations across regions and time periods. Candidates examine historical sources, historiography, and major events shaping societies from ancient to modern times.

Study of society, social institutions, culture, social change, and human relationships. Candidates examine sociological theories, research methods, social issues, inequality, and contemporary social processes.

Study of physical and human geography, environmental systems, spatial analysis, and regional development. Candidates examine landforms, climate, population, resource management, mapping techniques, and geographical information systems.

Study of economic theory, markets, public policy, development, and resource allocation. Candidates examine microeconomics, macroeconomics, statistics, international trade, and contemporary economic issues.

Study of political systems, governance, public administration, political theory, and international relations. Candidates examine constitutions, public policies, democratic institutions, comparative politics, and global political developments.

Study of human behavior, cognition, emotion, personality, and mental processes. Candidates examine psychological theories, research methods, developmental psychology, social psychology, and applications in health and education.

Study of social welfare, community development, human rights, and professional social work practice. Candidates examine social policies, counseling, casework, community organization, and interventions for individuals and marginalized communities.